FEATURES
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https://devmanual.gentoo.org/general-concepts/features/
https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/FEATURES
FEATURES=splitdebug will move the debug information section to a separate file within /usr/lib/debug/. However, it does not guarantee that any debug information is actually generated. For that, you need an appropriate option in your CFLAGS / CXXFLAGS, namely add -ggdb.